2024 Rio Grande do Sul Floods

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2024 Rio Grande do Sul Floods - Other languages

The Response to the Rio Grande do Sul Floods is a disaster mapping response coordinated by OpenStreetMap Brazil and supported by the Open Mapping Hub in Latin America and the Caribbean and the Humanitarian OpenStreetMap Team (HOT). It addresses the occurrences of torrential rains, floods, inundations, landslides, barrier collapses, and the destruction of bridges and roads in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, due to the disastrous event that began in April 2024.

Background

April 27, 2024 - After two weeks of heavy rains, wind gusts, and hail in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, the collapse of the July 14 hydroelectric dam curtain has exacerbated an already critical situation, resulting in over 100 deaths and 100 missing persons. More than one million people are affected. Nearly 70,000 have been evacuated, and more than one million homes are without drinking water. Additionally, 421,000 homes are without electricity, and 115 municipalities lack telephone and internet services. There are 61 blocked roads, and Porto Alegre airport remains closed. The Guaíba River has reached record levels, flooding the historic center of Porto Alegre. The current estimated river level is 5.33 meters.

This event marks the second significant disaster in less than a year for the state, following a cyclone in September 2023 that left at least 31 dead. Climate change, along with the El Niño phenomenon, has intensified extreme weather conditions in the region.

May 9, 2024 - Following the natural disaster, the Open Mapping Hub in Latin America and the Caribbean agreed to launch an activation to support response efforts after discussions with local partners in the region and as we continue to make connections to identify and prioritize data needs.

May 10, 2024 - The Virtual Institute for Sustainable Development - IVIDES.org expresses its support for the disaster mapping response, coordinating a collaborative mapping (#16706) with the YouthMappers UFRJ group and other mappers from Brazil and abroad, especially from Africa, supporting actions promoted by the Institute. This mapping aims to improve cartographic data in the AOI, including the verification of waterways, which are geographically important for the region. For this activity, Dr. Raquel Dezidério Souto (IVIDES.org | GeoCart-UFRJ | YouthMappers UFRJ) created and made available a uMap, with official hydrography layers (SEMA-RS, 2019), specifically the drainage sections of the Taquari-Antas Watershed.

Contacts

How to Help?

  • Find and send the link of images of the affected area through one of the campaign's coordination channels;
  • Establish contact with government agencies that can benefit from open data;
  • Map access to affected cities. Beware of fake news, confirm information in community groups;
  • Help resolve colleagues' doubts in community groups.

Hashtag

  1. 2024_BR_RS_Floods
  2. Enchentes_RS_2024

Timeline

  • Start: May 9, 2024
  • End: To be defined

General Coordination

Remote Mapping Coordination

  • Data source for locating tasks in populated areas
  • List of active projects on the Tasking Manager: Rio Grande do Sul

Dashboard to Track General Editing Statistics

OSM Brazil

Project Title and Link Status Priority Difficulty
#16696 Mapping of Roads in the Area Affected by the Flood of Rio Pardo in Candelária-RS ARCHIVED HIGH BASIC

Virtual Institute for Sustainable Development - IVIDES.org

Project Title and Link Status Priority Difficulty
#16706 Taquari-Antas River Basin (RS) - Part #1 ACTIVE LOW INTERMEDIATE AND ADVANCED

Mapeadores Livres UFPR

Project Title and Link Status Priority Difficulty
TeachOSM

#1605

Floods RS 05/24 - Surroundings of Porto Alegre ACTIVE URGENT BASIC
TeachOSM

#1375

Eldorado do Sul and Guaíba - Buildings ACTIVE URGENT BASIC
TeachOSM

#1379

Rosário do Sul (RS) - Buildings ACTIVE MEDIUM BASIC

LAC Hub - HOT - Task Manager

Project Title and Link Status Priority Difficulty
#16798 Floods in Rio Grande do Sul - Mapping Highways in Cruzeiro do Sul Municipality ACTIVE URGENT INTERMEDIATE AND ADVANCED
#16739 Floods in Rio Grande do Sul - Mapping Buildings in Encantado Municipality ACTIVE URGENT INTERMEDIATE AND ADVANCED
#16738 Floods in Rio Grande do Sul - Mapping Buildings in Roca Sales Municipality VALIDATION URGENT INTERMEDIATE AND ADVANCED
#16737 Floods in Rio Grande do Sul - Mapping Buildings in Arroio do Meio Municipality ARCHIVED URGENT INTERMEDIATE AND ADVANCED
#16728 Floods in Rio Grande do Sul - Mapping Buildings in Cruzeiro do Sul Municipality (Rural Area) ARCHIVED URGENT INTERMEDIATE AND ADVANCED
#16723 Floods in Rio Grande do Sul - Mapping Buildings in Cruzeiro do Sul Municipality ARCHIVED URGENT INTERMEDIATE AND ADVANCED

Validation of Mapping Data

General Guidance

The validation of mapping data will be the responsibility of the groups promoting the projects in the HOT Tasking Manager, and should be indicated in the description of these projects. As a minimum set of actions for data validation, it is suggested:

  • Verification of feature geometry, for example, if buildings are orthogonalized and other types of errors, such as the overlap of roads and buildings - with JOSM validator;
  • Verification of data duplication and also its integrity - incomplete or erroneous data, corrected according to the consulted research sources - with JOSM, iD, Osmium, OSMCha, Osmose, and/or OSM Inspector;
  • Verification of label adequacy - with Osmium, OSMCha, Osmose, and/or OSM Inspector.

Post-validation of data

Phase of validation following the validation carried out during the mapping in the HOT Tasking Manager, with data cleaning (verification of other problems, which require careful evaluation).

OSM Brazil

Project Title and Link Status Priority Difficulty
#16696 MAPPING ROADS IN THE AREA AFFECTED BY THE RIO PARDO FLOOD IN CANDELARIA-RS IN POST-VALIDATION HIGH BASIC

LAC Hub - HOT - Task Manager

Project Title and Link Status Priority Difficulty
#16737 Floods in Rio Grande do Sul - Mapping Buildings in Arroio do Meio Municipality IN POST- VALIDATION URGENT INTERMEDIATE AND ADVANCED
#16728 RIO GRANDE DO SUL FLOODS - MAPPING BUILDINGS IN CRUZEIRO DO SUL MUNICIPALITY (RURAL AREA) IN POST- VALIDATION URGENT INTERMEDIATE AND ADVANCED
#16723 FLOODS IN RIO GRANDE DO SUL - MAPPING BUILDINGS IN THE MUNICIPALITY OF CRUZEIRO DO SUL IN POST-VALIDATION URGENT INTERMEDIATE AND ADVANCED

Virtual Institute for Sustainable Development - IVIDES.org

Project Title and Link Status Priority Difficulty

Mapeadores Livres UFPR

Project Title and Link Status Priority Difficulty

Participants

Mappers

  • Raquel Dezidério Souto (IVIDES.org)
  • SeverinGeo

Groups of mappers

Public and private entities

Organizations

Main Official Relief Channels (SMS)

  • 199 - Flood risk.
  • 100 - Missing Persons Line.
  • 40199 - Register your postal code to receive alerts via SMS.
  • Note: During the disaster, the roaming service charges in the affected areas were waived.

Images and Other Available Data

1 - List of services on OpenAerialMap

https://map.openaerialmap.org/

1.A - MAXAR IMAGES - License: CC BY-NC 4.0 International

1.A(1) - METROPOLITAN REGION OF PORTO ALEGRE

02-02-2024 - Brazil Floods 2024 - Maxar 10300100F6524600 (2.67GB)

[TMS] https://tiles.openaerialmap.org/66426b996049ef00013b8598/1/66426b996049ef00013b859a/{z}/{x}/{y}

[WMTS] https://tiles.openaerialmap.org/66426b996049ef00013b8598/1/66426b996049ef00013b859a/wmts

24-01-2023 - Brazil Floods - Maxar 10300100E14BEE00 (396.43MB)

[TMS] https://tiles.openaerialmap.org/663ec24e6049ef00013b84e9/2/663ec24e6049ef00013b84ec/{z}/{x}/{y}

[WMTS] https://tiles.openaerialmap.org/663ec24e6049ef00013b84e9/2/663ec24e6049ef00013b84ec/wmts

12-12-2022 - Brazil Floods - Maxar 104001007F8F6300 (2.45GB)

[TMS] https://tiles.openaerialmap.org/66426b996049ef00013b8598/5/66426b996049ef00013b859e/{z}/{x}/{y}

[WMTS] https://tiles.openaerialmap.org/66426b996049ef00013b8598/5/66426b996049ef00013b859e/wmts

1.A(2) - VALE DO TAQUARI

07-05-2024 - Brazil Floods - Maxar 10300100FA870500 (1.11 GB)

[TMS] https://tiles.openaerialmap.org/66426b996049ef00013b8598/2/66426b996049ef00013b859b/{z}/{x}/{y}

[WMTS] https://tiles.openaerialmap.org/66426b996049ef00013b8598/2/66426b996049ef00013b859b/wmts

02-10-2023 - Brazil Floods - Maxar 10300100EE07F000 (2.66GB)

[TMS] https://tiles.openaerialmap.org/66425c606049ef00013b8586/4/66425c606049ef00013b858b/{z}/{x}/{y}

[WMTS] https://tiles.openaerialmap.org/66425c606049ef00013b8586/4/66425c606049ef00013b858b/wmts

1.A(3) - SÃO PEDRO DA SERRA AND SALVADOR DO SUL

17-12-2018 - Brazil Floods 2024 - Maxar 10300100890F4800 (194.57MB)

[TMS] https://tiles.openaerialmap.org/664295dc6049ef00013b85bc/1/664295dc6049ef00013b85be/{z}/{x}/{y}

[WMTS] https://tiles.openaerialmap.org/664295dc6049ef00013b85bc/1/664295dc6049ef00013b85be/wmts

1.A(4) - CAMPESTRE ALTO AND CAMPESTRE BAIXO

17-12-2018 - Brazil Floods 2024 - Maxar 10300100887C0F00 (156.79MB)

[TMS] https://tiles.openaerialmap.org/664295dc6049ef00013b85bc/0/664295dc6049ef00013b85bd/{z}/{x}/{y}

[WMTS] https://tiles.openaerialmap.org/664295dc6049ef00013b85bc/0/664295dc6049ef00013b85bd/wmts

1.A(5) - MUÇUM, JACAREZINHO, ENCANTADO, ROCA SALES, PALMAS

07-05-2024 - Brazil Floods - Maxar 10300100FA870500 (1.11GB)

[TMS] https://tiles.openaerialmap.org/66429adb6049ef00013b85c6/4/66429adb6049ef00013b85cb/{z}/{x}/{y}

[WMTS] https://tiles.openaerialmap.org/66429adb6049ef00013b85c6/4/66429adb6049ef00013b85cb/wmts

1.A(6) - MUÇUM

07-05-2024 - Brazil Floods - Maxar 105001003AC84200 (542.1MB)

[TMS] https://tiles.openaerialmap.org/66429adb6049ef00013b85c6/2/66429adb6049ef00013b85c9/{z}/{x}/{y}

[WMTS] https://tiles.openaerialmap.org/66429adb6049ef00013b85c6/2/66429adb6049ef00013b85c9/wmts

1.A(7) - ARROIO DO MEIO, LAJEADO, ESTRELA

02-10-2023 - Brazil Floods - Maxar 10300100EE07F000 (2.66GB)

[TMS] https://tiles.openaerialmap.org/66425c606049ef00013b8586/4/66425c606049ef00013b858b/{z}/{x}/{y}

[WMTS] https://tiles.openaerialmap.org/66425c606049ef00013b8586/4/66425c606049ef00013b858b/wmts

1.A(8) - TEUTÔNIA AND PART OF THE TAQUARI

02-10-2023 - Brazil Floods - Maxar 10300100ED169800 (1.14GB)

[TMS] https://tiles.openaerialmap.org/66425c606049ef00013b8586/3/66425c606049ef00013b858a/{z}/{x}/{y}

[WMTS] https://tiles.openaerialmap.org/66425c606049ef00013b8586/3/66425c606049ef00013b858a/wmts

1.A(9) - RELVADO, NOVA BRÉSCIA, TRAVESSEIRO AND CONVENTOS

27-06-2023 - Brazil Floods 2024 - Maxar 1040010087BB6100 (851.49MB)

[TMS] https://tiles.openaerialmap.org/664290c26049ef00013b85ac/1/664290c26049ef00013b85ae/{z}/{x}/{y}

[WMTS] https://tiles.openaerialmap.org/664290c26049ef00013b85ac/1/664290c26049ef00013b85ae/wmts

1.A(10) - JACAREZINHO, ENCANTADO, ROCA SALES, PALMAS

02-03-2023 - Brazil Floods 2024 - Maxar 1050010039576B00 (1.14GB)

[TMS] https://tiles.openaerialmap.org/66429adb6049ef00013b85c6/1/66429adb6049ef00013b85c8/{z}/{x}/{y}

[WMTS] https://tiles.openaerialmap.org/66429adb6049ef00013b85c6/1/66429adb6049ef00013b85c8/wmts

1.A(11) - ALTO SHIMBU AND SHIMBU

24-11-2021 - Brazil Floods - Maxar 10300100CAC07500 (225.77MB)

[TMS] https://tiles.openaerialmap.org/664295dc6049ef00013b85bc/2/664295dc6049ef00013b85bf/{z}/{x}/{y}

[WMTS] https://tiles.openaerialmap.org/664295dc6049ef00013b85bc/2/664295dc6049ef00013b85bf/wmts

1.A(12) - CANDELÁRIA

01-02-2023 - Brazil Floods 2024 - Maxar 1040010080457D00 (239.72MB)

[TMS] https://tiles.openaerialmap.org/664290c26049ef00013b85ac/0/664290c26049ef00013b85ad/{z}/{x}/{y}

[WMTS] https://tiles.openaerialmap.org/664290c26049ef00013b85ac/0/664290c26049ef00013b85ad/wmts

1.A(13) - SANTA TEREZA

07-05-2024 - Brazil Floods - Maxar 105001003AC84300 (202.06MB)

[TMS] https://tiles.openaerialmap.org/66429adb6049ef00013b85c6/3/66429adb6049ef00013b85ca/{z}/{x}/{y}

[WMTS] https://tiles.openaerialmap.org/66429adb6049ef00013b85c6/3/66429adb6049ef00013b85ca/wmts

2 - Maps, data, and other images

Maps and models

Reports & News

Mapping Instructions

General Notes

In the HOT Tasking Manager, some squares (tasks) will already be partially or completely mapped in the available projects; If necessary, map more or correct the existing mapping. At the end, in response to “Is this task completely mapped?”, mark “Yes” if it is already complete; or mark "No" if you haven't finished everything; and then, in "Update task". If you have entered a task and do not want to map it, just click on "Select another task"; Do not map beyond the task area (in the editor, the boundary is shown with a colored line). Exceptions: waterways or highways can be mapped slightly beyond the task boundary. In the case of buildings, use the "50% rule," that is, map the entire building if it is 50% (or more) within the task boundary; When uploading the data at the end (upload), use the change set comment indicated for each project (see table above). You can include more information about what you did after this sentence. Do not comment only with hashtags.

Project-specific Mapping Notes

Images

  • The satellite image BING has been defined as the main data source; however, in areas with poor visibility, high cloud interference, or outdated images, the use of other sources, such as ESRI GLOBAL IMAGES, is recommended. To check the date of available satellite images, you can use the CTRL+SHIFT+B shortcut key (in iD) or by right-clicking on the tile (part of the background image) (in JOSM). Check if the image is aligned before starting the mapping;
  • The existing mapping does not correspond to the images - This happens in some areas when different image sources are used. If this happens, check if you are using the recommended images;
  • Alternative images are better - Sometimes, due to shadows, alignment, and other factors, it may be easier to trace features using other images. This is not a problem, as long as you adjust any displacement. When you finish, leave a comment in the HOT Tasking Manager, when marking as mapped/done (or not), to say that you used alternative images to those recommended by the project. Consult LearnOSM for detailed instructions on how to handle image displacement in iD, or Aerial Imagery & Alignment, in the Background Image control, to make adjustments in this editor. In JOSM, defining the Imagery off-set.

Buildings

  • Quick tutorial: Buildings - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lSLe6rjtgi0
  • Make a precise drawing of all the buildings you find. The outline should have the full size of the building, even if it is partially covered by trees in the image;
  • Be careful not to include the building's shadow in its outline;
  • If the buildings are tilted, look for another image. But if in all images they are like this, draw the top of the building and shift it, positioning it in what would be the base of the building;
  • Use the shortcut key 'Q', in the iD or JOSM editors, to rectify corners at 90 degrees (orthogonalize); If the buildings are circular, draw a triangle on top of the feature and use the shortcut key "O" to make it circular;
  • If you do not know the area, include the tag building=yes. Otherwise, specify the corresponding type of building. You can use the Wiki OSM Map Features; Attention: only if you have personal knowledge of a building, specify its type (hospital, school, gas station, etc.) or its name;
  • After tagging as a building, leave all other “fields” empty in the editors: this information will be added later by local mappers or through field mapping;
  • Many buildings are very close to each other, but they do not actually touch. Try to map them close to each other without allowing them to connect or share nodes with each other, with roads, or with residential or natural area outlines. In the iD editor, holding down the “Alt” key will prevent the nodes from “snapping” to each other (accidentally connecting);
  • In some of these projects, in the iD editor, you will only have the "building" tag (building=yes) available; see below or in the Wiki OSM Map Features, to edit or add other types of features. If necessary, you can use other tags by including them directly in the editors (iD or JOSM);
  • If you want to use artificial intelligence (MapWithAI), available for some projects, it is recommended to use it mainly in rural regions with low building density. Ensure the correct alignment and geometry of buildings before uploading the data to the OSM map base. It can be used in Rapid - https://rapideditor.org/rapid or JOSM. In JOSM, install the plugins MapWithAI and building_tools.

Roads and paths

  • Map roads interconnected with each other (road network); However, do not connect roads with areas, such as residential areas, vegetation cover, or bodies of water;
  • If the road crosses a river or stream (waterways), place a point at the crossing and include the tag ford=yes (only on the node);
  • Avoid sharp angles when changing road directions, smooth out curves;
  • Normally, highways are more rectilinear than waterways (which generally have the sinuosity of rivers and streams). You can use the OpenTopoMap (or OpenCycleMap) background layer to check the geographic context and decide whether it is a highway or waterway (instructions for waterways provided below);
  • If you have doubts about road classification, consult the Wiki OSM Map Features or the OSM Brazil community page, which contains the approved classification for the country. See the list below:
  1. highway=residential - in urban areas or rural towns, roads that provide access to homes, without a connecting function between distant settlements. They are generally in areas full of homes;
  2. highway=unclassified - secondary roads that allow travel between settlements. Although they are generally not residential, there may be houses along the road (do not confuse with lack of classification);
  3. highway=service - normally leads to private places/properties or parking lots;
  4. highway=path - paths, routes with a small width, up to 2-3m;
  5. highway=track - paths, routes in rural areas, usually in areas with agricultural coverage (farmlands), with a width sufficient for a four-wheel vehicle (> 3m);
  6. highway=cycleway - bike paths;
  7. highway=footway - paths exclusively for pedestrians (do not confuse with service roads);

Note: to measure the width of a road: a) in JOSM: draw a straight-line segment, the editor shows the distance in meters at the bottom of the screen; b) in iD: use the map scale to estimate the width.

Waterways

Some important observations

  • Rivers must be drawn connected (hydrographic network); but they should not overlap with buildings or other features. However, they can cross roads, placing a point at the crossing and attributing the tag ford=yes (only on the node common to both routes);
  • In the OSM Wiki, a tip is offered to know if it is a river or a stream: if it can be crossed with a jump, it is a stream. But you can consult official data, for example, to verify if it is a river or a stream (such as the ANA data layer in JOSM). Or consult this uMap (http://u.osmfr.org/m/1064045/) and activate the layer of the drainage section of interest (SEMA-RS data, 2019);
  • The direction you use to draw the waterways will be the same direction the editor will save regarding the water flow. To understand the direction of the waterway, load the OpenTopoMap (or OpenCycleMap) background image, checking the contour lines: the water flow is from higher altitude areas to lower altitude areas; another tip is to check if the courses form a "Y," with the direction opposite to the fork;
  • To distinguish waterways from highways, observe if there is sinuosity and if the route is consistent with the terrain relief. Passing through relief depressions, being the bed, the deepest part of the river or stream, and where, with few exceptions, you should draw the waterway line. Use the OpenTopoMap (or OpenCycleMap) background layers to better check the route;
  • Frequently, waterways can be confused with highways if they have a rectilinear appearance (as in artificial canals and irrigation channels). In case of doubt, the mapper should not map or can ask their colleagues;
  • Pay attention to toponymy (geographic names): sometimes, the name contains the word "river," but it is a stream; Likewise, the name may contain "stream" and be a river. This occurs because part of the official geographic names were assigned based on local spatial knowledge, that is, in the name that the inhabitants of the place traditionally attribute to the water bodies. For example: The "Guaíba River" (as normally the inhabitants call it) is officially called 'Guaíba Lake,' being located in the Jacuí River delta.

Some basic tags

  • streams (waterway=stream)
  • rivers (waterway=river)
  • lakes, lagoons (natural=water)
  • tidal channels (waterway=tidal_channel)
  • artificial canals (waterway=canal)
  • irrigation channels made by humans in agricultural areas (waterway=ditch)
  • drainages (waterway=drain)
  • floating service stations (waterway=fuel)
  • shipyards (waterway=boatyard)

Other important tags

  • intermittent=yes - for intermittent watercourses, that is, not permanent;
  • seasonal=yes (or spring, summer, autumn, winter, wet_season, dry_season) for watercourses with dry periods in certain times of the year (or other cycles); attribute only if it is a local mapper;
  • ford=yes - used at the crossing between waterways and highways;
  • mooring=yes - place for mooring boats (mooring);
  • amenity=ferry_terminal - to mark the location points of ferry terminals.

Measuring Success

Indicators

For which, it is possible to calculate their index() and measure the success of the campaign, minimally:

  • Number of projects activated in the HOT Tasking Manager (HOT-TM)/ total duration of the campaign;
  • Number of projects fully mapped in the HOT-TM/ total duration of the campaign;
  • Number of projects fully validated in the HOT-TM/ total duration of the campaign;
  • Total number of contributors (tracked by hashtags in OSMCha)/ total duration of the campaign;
  • Number of cities included in the campaign/ number of cities affected by the disaster;
  • Number of countries of origin of the mappers/ number of countries in Latin America and the Caribbean;

Qualitative Evaluation of Success

  • Entities that joined the campaign in Brazil and its outreach area - Latin America and the Caribbean;
  • Activities promoted to support collaborative mapping;
  • Adherence of official institutions to the campaign;
  • Adherence of private entities to the campaign;
  • Demonstrations of the use of data collected in the campaign, either by government entities or the scientific community;
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